Monotropism

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    Beyond the teddy bear picnic: Why language development doesn’t always need imaginative play

    ByLondon Speech and Feeding

    As Speech and Language Therapists (SLTs), we are taught from day one that developmental milestones follow a predictable, linear path: first comes functional play, then symbolic and imaginative play (like pretending to feed a teddy bear or talking on a toy phone), and then comes conversational speech.

    But when working with language delayed children, I have seen something that completely contradicts those textbook charts.

    Many of my students have absolutely no interest in doll play, tea parties, or imaginary scenarios. Yet, as they mature, they still manage to develop robust, meaningful, and conversational language.

    How is this possible? And what does it mean for how we approach therapy?

    Redefining the ‘rules’ of play and language

    The idea that imaginative play is a strict prerequisite for language was built entirely on neurotypical developmental data. But neurodivergent brains don’t follow neurotypical roadmaps. That is not a deficit; it’s simply a different processing style.

    When Gestalt Language Processors bypass traditional imaginative play, they aren’t ‘missing’ a step. They are often using entirely different cognitive vehicles to build their language skills.

    The power of monotropic deep interests

    Video clip 2 lining up dinosaurs

    Many autistic individuals have a monotropic cognitive style, meaning they process the world through deep, single-focused passions (think trains, space, dinosaurs or ocean creatures).

    While a neurotypical child might practise social roles by pretending a doll is going to school, a neuro-diverse child practises language by categorising, analysing, and sharing facts about their deep interest. Their language is anchored in the concrete, fascinating reality of their passion, rather than fictional symbolic play.

    Gestalt Language Processing (GLP)

    A significant number of neuro-diverse children learn language in large ‘chunks’ or ‘gestalts’ (such as movie scripts, songs, or favourite phrases) rather than building sentences word-by-word.

    When a child scripts or uses echolalia, they are storing and mapping vast amounts of conversational data. They don’t need to pretend-feed a teddy bear to practise dialogue; they are actively processing the rhythm, intonation, and structural rules of speech through the media and phrases they love. As they grow, they learn to break these scripts apart to form original sentences.

    Structural play is learning play

    Just because a child is lining up dinosaurs or cars, stacking blocks, or spinning wheels instead of making them ‘talk’ doesn’t mean they aren’t learning. This functional and structural play builds crucial foundational skills like pattern recognition, cause-and-effect, and spatial awareness, all of which directly support cognitive and language development.

    Shifting Our Goals

    Meeting our children on their home turf: if that’s dinosaurs, let’s be creative with dinosaurs!

    If imaginative play isn’t the engine driving language, forcing it in the therapy room can quickly turn into an exercise in compliance rather than connection. Instead of trying to pull a child out of their world and into a neurotypical play model, we can meet them exactly where they are!

    Here are three affirming ways to turn deep interests into conversations:

    • Swap questions for comments (declarative language): Instead of interrogating a child about their play (‘What colour is that train? Where is it going?’) make pressure-free observations (‘Wow, that train is moving fast. Look at those wheels spin.’). This lowers conversational anxiety and models natural communication.
    • Bridge and expand: Use their favourite topic to introduce new ideas and concepts. If we love dinosaurs let’s see if dinos can climb up a ladder, slide down a half pipe into some water, then need drying before making footprints across a piece of paper…
    • Validate any scripts or echolalia and find out the EMOTION underlying it: If your child uses a quote from a favourite cartoon clip, let’s try and figure out in what context this phrase was said in the movie; what is the emotion in the movie when the character says this line? Is it upset? Is it joyful? Is it big surprise or a shock? Don’t dismiss it as meaningless. Acknowledge the emotion behind the script ‘You feel worried right now.’ This way we are showing our child that their unique way of communicating is heard and valued.

    So, to sum up:

    Imaginative play is just one way to learn language, not the only way.

    Let’s stop viewing a lack of pretend play as a barrier to communication, and free ourselves to see our children’s true strengths. By embracing their deep passions, we don’t just help them find their voice. We build a real connection that makes communication possible.

    Are you looking for neurodiversity-affirming speech and language support? Contact my clinic today to learn more about how I tailor my therapy to your child’s unique strengths.

    Sonja McGeachie

    Highly Specialist Speech and Language Therapist

    Owner of The London Speech and Feeding Practice.

    Health Professions Council registered
    Royal College of Speech & Language Therapists Member
    Member of ASLTIP

    Find a speech and language therapist for your child in London. Are you concerned about your child’s speech, feeding or communication skills and don’t know where to turn? Please contact me and we can discuss how I can help you or visit my services page.

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    How do we play with our Gestalt Language Processors?

    ByLondon Speech and Feeding
    Image by Freepik

    Child-led therapy

    When working with Gestalt Language Processors, it is always advisable to use child-led therapy. What does that mean? Child led therapy involves following a child’s interests and allowing her/him to lead the play activity throughout the speech and language therapy session. In other words, instead of having my own ideas of what we might want to play with or what activities I might try and use, I provide a range of toys I know the child likes or has played well with before; then I wait for the child to pick what she/he enjoys doing.

    Play can be very repetitive and we can often see our child cycling back to the same one or two toys throughout the session. But this is what she/he needs to do at that time and it means that we have focused attention and engagement. This in turn is very helpful for the therapeutic process, which is to offer great scripts and phrases/words alongside what she/he is playing with.

    Monotropic minds

    Often the mind of autistic children is more strongly pulled towards a smaller number of interests or hobbies as I like to call them. Dr Dinah Murray, Dr Winn Lawson and Mike Lesser have found in 2005 that autistic people have ‘monotropic’ minds. They explain that autistic children focus their energy on a narrow range of activities as the energy required to switch between several toys is much higher than we would see in the neuro-typical population.

    Gestalt Language Processors are often also Gestalt Cognitive Processors. This is when experiences are retained as episodic events and memories. An event is remembered by specific parts of the same event. And, therefore, these specific parts should always be part of that event, when the event is repeated.

    Should any of the specifics be changed or are missing, then this can cause great upset to Gestalt Cognitive Processors. So, for example, if the last two times in speech therapy we had the train set out and this was played with happily, then this becomes a specific part of the whole session. If, I then don’t offer the train set the third time a child comes to see me, this could be very upsetting.

    This is why I tend to try this out and see what happens. Usually in the 3rd or 4th session: I might not bring out the car run that has hitherto been super successful to see if we are able to transition well to other toys. If yes, then we can have new experiences but if not then I will re-offer the car run/or whatever toy pretty quickly so as not to cause complete dysregulation.

    A few pointers below which help with child-led play:

    Introduce a few new toys and see what happens

    Parents are encouraged to bring some familiar toys their child likes to the session. We can then introduce a couple of different toys to see how we go. Try offering a new toy alongside the familiar one; try offering new toys without the familiar one present, but be prepared to re-offer the “old” toy should our child get upset.

    Rotate toys and don’t offer out too many toys

    I find that children can get overwhelmed and overstimulated by too many items out all at once. I always talk to parents about toy rotation at home and I encourage storage and ‘tidy up’ of toys so that we can increase attention focus, and also maintain freshness and new interest in older toys.

    Some children are not yet ready to play with toys

    Here I suggest people games: these are games where the adult becomes part of a more motor-based activity. Some call it ‘rough and tumble play’ but it can be nursery rhymes such as sleeping bunnies/row row the boat or peek-a-boo for the younger ones.

    Copy/Imitation is so important – try getting two identical or similar play items

    When we are copying our child, it is often not desirable to ‘take turns’ with their toys/blogs/cars etc as our child may not be ready to let us take a turn. Instead, if we have the exact same toy that our child is having then we can play alongside our child and copy them perfectly without interrupting their play.

    References:

    Murray, D., Lesser, M., & Lawson, W. (2005). Attention, monotropism and the diagnostic criteria for autism. Autism, 9(2), 139-156.

    If you need help with your child, please do not hesitate to contact me.

    Find a speech and language therapist for your child in London. Are you concerned about your child’s speech, feeding or communication skills and don’t know where to turn? Please contact me and we can discuss how I can help you or visit my services page.

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