Cycles Approach speech therapy: Why syllables come first

ByLondon Speech and Feeding

and why it matters more than you might think!

If your child’s speech is difficult to understand, it can feel tempting to focus straight away on individual sounds: those tricky /S/, /K/, or /SH/ sounds that just won’t come out clearly.

But in therapy, we don’t always start there.

When a child is very difficult to understand, and I have ruled out that the underlying cause is motor-based, I often opt for the Cycles Phonological Approach. This is helpful for those kids where we can feel like we don’t know where to start! The Cycles Approach helps to generate a broad overall increase in speech clarity by sequentially targeting a variety of speech patterns over the course of 8–10 weeks.

So rather than working on one sound until it’s ‘fixed,’ we:

  • Work on patterns (not just individual sounds)
  • Target each pattern for a short period of time
  • Then cycle to the next one
  • And come back around again later

This mirrors how speech development naturally happens: gradually, with increasing accuracy over time.

Why don’t we start by fixing erroneous sounds straight away?

To use a metaphor, if a child doesn’t have a strong syllable structure, working on individual sounds is like decorating a house that doesn’t have solid walls yet.

Many children with speech sound difficulties:

  • Drop syllables (e.g. ‘banana’ → ‘nana’)
  • Simplify longer words
  • Struggle to maintain rhythm and stress patterns

So, before we refine speech sounds, we need to build the framework of speech.

Why syllables come first in every cycle

In the Cycles Approach, we always begin with 2- and 3-syllable words, even if that’s not the main concern.

Why?

Because syllable awareness supports:

  • Speech clarity (intelligibility)
  • Word structure and sequencing
  • Prosody (rhythm and stress)
  • Motor planning for longer words

Without this, even perfectly produced sounds can still be hard to understand in real speech.

What do ‘2 and 3 beats’ mean?

When we talk about ‘beats’ we mean syllables you can clap.

Try it:

  • ‘Table’ → ta-ble (2 beats 👏👏)
  • ‘Banana’ → ba-na-na (3 beats 👏👏👏)

In therapy, we help children:

  • Hear the beats
  • Feel the rhythm
  • Produce the full word (without dropping parts)

What this looks like in therapy

In my sessions, this part of the cycle is active, visual, and repetitive.

You might see me using:

  • 👏 Clapping or tapping out syllables
  • 🧩 Using visual supports or blocks for each beat
  • 🎲 Play-based repetition of target words
  • 🎯 High-frequency practice (lots of turns!)

I also keep the focus on success and flow, rather than correction.

If you’re watching the video clip I’ve shared here, you’ll notice:

  • I’m not over-correcting every sound
  • I’m prioritising getting the whole word out
  • I’m building rhythm, confidence, and consistency

Why this stage is so powerful

It can look simple, but it’s doing a lot of heavy lifting.

Working on syllables helps children:

  • Say longer words more clearly
  • Reduce ‘mumbling’ or collapsing of words
  • Improve overall intelligibility quickly
  • Prepare for more precise sound work later

Often, parents notice early wins like:

✨ ‘They’re easier to understand already’

✨ ‘They’re saying longer words!’

✨ ‘They’re more confident speaking’

And that’s before we’ve even fully targeted specific sounds.

But will my child still learn their sounds?

Yes. Absolutely.

The Cycles Approach is structured so that after syllables, we move into:

  • Early developing sounds
  • Then more complex patterns (like fronting or clusters)

And  importantly, we come back around again.

Nothing is missed. It’s just sequenced in a way that supports success.

A different way of thinking about progress

One of the biggest mindset shifts with the Cycles Approach is this:

👉 We’re not aiming for perfection straight away

👉 We’re aiming for gradual system-wide change

That means:

  • Your child doesn’t need to ‘master’ something before moving on
  • Progress builds across cycles
  • Speech becomes clearer over time, not overnight

So, to sum up

Starting with syllables might seem unexpected but it’s one of the most powerful foundations we can give a child whose speech is hard to understand.

By building rhythm, structure, and confidence first, we make everything that comes next more effective.

If your child is starting speech therapy and you notice we’re clapping words like ‘banana’ or ‘elephant’, there’s a very good reason for it.

We’re not going backwards.

We’re building from the ground up.

We’re making later sound work more effective and more likely to generalise into everyday talking.

Next steps:

If you’re concerned about your child’s speech clarity or wondering whether they might benefit from a structured approach like this, feel free to get in touch. I offer individualised assessments and therapy plans tailored to each child’s speech profile whether that’s early sound development, phonology, or motor speech difficulties.

Sonja McGeachie

Highly Specialist Speech and Language Therapist

Owner of The London Speech and Feeding Practice.

Health Professions Council registered
Royal College of Speech & Language Therapists Member
Member of ASLTIP

Find a speech and language therapist for your child in London. Are you concerned about your child’s speech, feeding or communication skills and don’t know where to turn? Please contact me and we can discuss how I can help you or visit my services page.

Parent FAQ section

Why is my child practising words like ‘banana’ instead of sounds like /K/ or /S/?

Because your child first needs to be able to hold and produce the full shape of a word. If they’re dropping syllables (e.g. ‘banana’ → ‘nana’), working on individual sounds won’t carry over into real speech. We build the structure first, then refine the sounds.

What if my child can already say some long words?

That’s great. But we’re looking for consistency and clarity across many words, not just a few familiar ones. This stage helps stabilise that skill so it becomes reliable in everyday talking.

How long will we stay on syllables?

Usually, this is a short but important phase within each cycle. We revisit it regularly, but we also move on to other patterns (like specific sounds or sound processes) within the same therapy block.

Will this delay my child learning their sounds?

No. In fact, it often speeds things up overall. Once the syllable structure is in place, children are much more able to use correct sounds in longer words and sentences.

What can I do at home?

Keep it simple and playful:

  • Clap out words together (e.g. ‘el-e-phant’)
  • Emphasise full words naturally in conversation
  • Repeat back what your child says with the full structure (without pressure)

Consistency and exposure matter more than correction.

My child gets frustrated. Will this help?

Yes. Many children become frustrated when they’re not understood. Improving syllable structure often leads to quick wins in clarity, which can boost confidence and reduce that frustration.

Building clearer speech: Why we practise syllables first

What are syllables?

Syllables are the ‘beats’ in words.

  • ‘Table’ = 2 beats (ta-ble)
  • ‘Banana’ = 3 beats (ba-na-na)

Why is my child working on this?

If your child:

  • Drops parts of words (‘banana’ → ‘nana’)
  • Mumbles longer words
  • Is hard to understand

…then we need to build the structure of words first.

This helps your child:

✔ Say longer words clearly

✔ Be easier to understand

✔ Feel more confident speaking

What does this look like in therapy?

We practise:

  • Clapping or tapping out beats 👏
  • Saying full words with rhythm
  • Repeating target words through play
  • Using visuals or actions to support learning

How you can help at home

Keep it light and playful, little and often!

Try this:

  • Clap words together أثناء play (e.g. toys, food, animals)
  • Model full words naturally (‘Yes, ba-na-na!’)
  • Repeat and expand what your child says

Example:

Child: ‘nana’

You: ‘Yes! Ba-na-na‘

Important to know

  • This is a key first step in speech therapy
  • We will move on to sounds—but this helps them stick
  • Small changes here can make a big difference in clarity
3

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    Let’s live and breathe AAC

    ByLondon Speech and Feeding

    We all have the right and want to express thoughts, feelings, and needs. For non-speaking or minimally speaking children, finding an avenue to communicate effectively can be a challenging journey. Parents are often at a loss as to where to start. Sometimes a little bit of Makaton signing has been used here and there but we mostly find that gradually signing fades as parents feel that it just doesn’t seem to get copied and used by the children.

    They live and breathe their system

    This is where we need to pick up the pieces and start again: because all successful families where children start using their boards or their electronic AAC (Augmentative and Alternative Communication) systems do this one thing: THEY LIVE AND BREATHE THEIR SYSTEM.

    • They have boards in every single room of the house;
    • They have a board in the car, attached to the side of car door so their child can point to it as they need to;
    • They have a smaller board in their handbag/rucksack when out and about;
    • They have a board for shopping and attach it to the shopping trolley;
    • They are never ever without their board.

    Because they realise that a child should never be without their mouths to speak, should never be without a means to speak. They use their own board to model and the child has always access to their board to model back or to just look.

    This is where success begins

    Success begins at consistent and joyful use of the board/AAC system throughout the entire day. If we think about it, doesn’t it make sense? Of course, it does! We talk to our child for the first two years of their life continuously wherever we are and our child is continuously encouraged to use their mouths for talking in all situations.

    Same goes for Signing: Makaton or any other sign system is a very powerful means to aid communication and I certainly advocate and use it in practice. Though much like words, signs are very elusive and temporary—as soon as the sign has been made it is gone and no longer present. Same with words of course. This can be difficult for people who need longer to process information.

    The beauty of symbols or photographs is that they are permanent: they don’t vanish, they stay and with the core board they stay in the same place! This is very reassuring. We can learn where a symbol is and we can be assured that it will still be there the next time we look at the board.

    AAC core board

    Here is a picture of a core board:

    AAC board

    You can download this and other boards for free on the Saltillo Word Power website.

    It has 48 cells and we can see the most frequently used core words on here, words that we use 80% of the day when talking with our non-speaking/minimally speaking children, younger children and children with cognitive delay. We keep our sentences short and we say phrases pertaining to their daily lives;

    • Let’s GET your toy
    • PUT it here, PUT it away, PUT it IN
    • Let’s READ a book
    • UP you get
    • WANT some MORE?
    • That’s GOOD isn’t it?
    • Let’s OPEN the box and LOOK

    And so on… All these phrases can be aided with the above board. Your child will learn OVER TIME and OVER CONTINUOUS USE where GET/PUT/MORE/WANT/IN—where these symbols are. For children who are slow to process this is so helpful, to have a visual representation of what has just been said. It aids understanding in the first place. Gradually as a child starts to copy they will point to powerful symbols themselves and if they want to speak they can also speak of course:

    A child might point to WANT + MORE and then say with their mouths: BANANA!

    Board examples

    Here are some other boards I have made specifically for daily situations and preferences of some of my students. Here is one for toileting:

    AAC toileting board

    And another one:

    These boards incorporate high-frequency and versatile words, enabling us to make little sentences.

    Building Language and Literacy Skills

    AAC Core Boards are not just tools for immediate communication. They also play a pivotal role in language and literacy development. By using these boards, non-speaking children engage with words and symbols, reinforcing their understanding of language structure and grammar.

    Over time they naturally absorb language patterns, laying the foundation for improved literacy skills.

    Customisation for Individual Needs

    Every non-speaking child is unique, and their communication needs can vary significantly. AAC Core Boards are designed with this diversity in mind. The boards can be adapted to include specific vocabulary relevant to the child’s daily life, interests, and activities. This personalisation ensures that the AAC Core Board is a true reflection of the child’s personality and needs, making communication more engaging and effective.

    Collaboration between AAC Core Boards and Speech Therapy

    While AAC Core Boards are an incredible tool, they are only used effectively by the non-speaking child when the board is used BY ALL COMMUNICATION PARTNERS around the child.

    Again, I know I am being repetitive here, but the board needs to be used and modelled by the adults constantly in the first place and for a period of time before we can expect our children to take an interest and use the boards themselves. Think how long it typically takes for a child to learn their first word: around a year! During that time the adults talk constantly to their child without hesitation or expectation! The same goes for introducing this new way of communicating.

    Collaborating with your child’s speech-language therapist (SLT) ensures that your child receives the right guidance in using the AAC system. SLTs can assess your child’s communication abilities, recommend appropriate boards and provide guidance on how to best implement them.

    Conclusion

    For non-speaking children, AAC Core Boards are bridges to their world.

    These boards foster language development, social interaction, and personal expression. AAC Core Boards offer a beacon of hope, helping non-speaking children break through communication barriers and thrive in a world that is waiting to hear their voices. Boards are simple for anyone to use and understand. Have a go! You will be surprised how lovely it is to use a board with ease and once your child sees you do this, you have a chance for your child to start copying you…and express something! HOW ABOUT THAT! I look forward to hearing your stories!

    The London Speech and Feeding Practice

    Find a speech and language therapist for your child in London. Are you concerned about your child’s speech, feeding or communication skills and don’t know where to turn? Please contact me and we can discuss how I can help you or visit my services page.

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  • Quick Overview Of How To Implement Those Early Hanen Speech And Language Strategies

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    Quick Overview Of How To Implement Those Early Hanen Speech And Language Strategies

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    Try to sit so that your child can see you easily, i. e. your child does not have to look up to make eye contact with you. We call that Face to Face: try and sit opposite your child. This makes it easier for you to see facial expressions and therefore pick up nonverbal /pre-verbal communication. Now you can connect and share the moment with your child.

    OWL (Observe, Wait and Listen)

    Never skip this step as it prepares us for what happens next !

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    Wait

    Just sit and avoid telling or showing your child what he or she could do with the toy. This gives your child an opportunity to explore and experiment.

    Listen

    Listen to what your child says, or look at your child’s non-verbal communication without interrupting. Your child will now feel and know that you are really present and that what they have to say is important. It’s best to avoid questions like, “What are you doing or “What’s this?” as that might be a lot of pressure when they don’t know what to say about that yet.

    Respond immediately by showing interest

    Once you have all the information from OWLing you can respond in the right way, for example: if she catches the marble at the end of the run and looks up with a smile or a sound you could respond with: you’ve got it! One marble in your hand! Nice playing!

    Now how to join in the play:

    First you can copy what your child is doing

    If your child puts the first marble at the top of the run you can take a turn and do exactly the same once his marble is done. Ideally you might have another marble run, perhaps a similar one, it does not have to be exactly the same! Once your child has put the first marble in you can do the exact same with your own marble on your run. Your child is likely to look at what you are doing and you might well see a smile on their face or perhaps she might say: look at mine!

    Next you can build on that

    You can respond with simple comments like: “Wow! Yes I am looking at yours now! It’s spinning on the red one lots! I love the noise!” Now wait once more to see what your child says or does.

    To summarise

    We are signalling to our child that we are really interested in what they are doing and saying so we can “collect” our child, i.e. bring him/her back into a joint interaction.

    Important

    We want to try and not direct our child but respond with interest and fun! This creates a lovely stage for interaction and joint play! And this leads in turn to practising conversation and ever more opportunities for great speech and language skills to emerge.

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    • Train tracks (building and running the trains)

    Find a speech and language therapist for your child in London. Are you concerned about your child’s speech, feeding or communication skills and don’t know where to turn? Please contact me and we can discuss how I can help you or visit my services page.

  • What is Total Communication, and why your child might need it more than just speech

    ByLondon Speech and Feeding
    Sonja smiling

    When a child’s speech is difficult to understand, it can feel overwhelming for everyone involved. As a parent, your instinct is often to focus on helping your child ‘talk properly’. And that makes complete sense. Speech is important. But here’s the key message I want to share with you:

    Speech is just one way to communicate.

    And when speech is not yet clear, not yet reliable, or not yet available, children need other ways to get their message across.

    This is where Total Communication comes in.

    What is Total Communication?

    Total Communication is an approach that encourages the use of all available ways to communicate, not just speech.

    This can include:

    • spoken words
    • gestures and pointing
    • facial expressions
    • signing (such as Makaton)
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    • drawing
    • electronic AAC (Augmentative and Alternative Communication), such as apps like LAMP Words for Life

    It’s not about replacing speech. It’s about supporting communication in every possible way.

    Think of it like this: if speech is currently unclear or limited, why restrict a child to the hardest route? Why not give them more tools to succeed?

    ‘But won’t this stop my child from talking?’

    This is one of the most common concerns I hear in clinic.

    Parents often worry that if a child starts using signs or a communication device, they will become ‘dependent’ on it and stop trying to talk.

    The research tells us something very different.

    Studies consistently show that AAC does not prevent speech development. In fact, it often supports it.

    • A review by Millar, Light & Schlosser (2006) found that AAC interventions do not reduce speech production and may actually increase it.
    • Romski & Sevcik (2005) demonstrated that children given AAC often develop stronger overall communication skills, including spoken language.
    • More recent work continues to show that providing AAC early can accelerate language development, not delay it.

    So rather than ‘giving up on speech’, using AAC is actually building the foundations that speech needs.

    Why Total Communication matters, especially for unintelligible children

    When a child is very difficult to understand, they are often experiencing a hidden frustration:

    ‘I know what I want to say, but no one understands me.’

    Over time, this can lead to:

    • reduced confidence
    • behavioural frustration
    • withdrawal from communication
    • fewer opportunities to practise language

    If a child cannot successfully communicate, they communicate less. And when they communicate less, their language development slows down.

    Total Communication breaks this cycle.

    By giving a child reliable ways to be understood, we:

    • reduce frustration
    • increase interaction
    • build confidence
    • create more opportunities for language learning

    And importantly, we allow them to show us what they already know.

    AAC is a bridge, not a barrier

    Using AAC (whether that’s pointing to pictures, signing, or using a device) does something powerful:

    It separates language from speech.

    A child might have lots of ideas, vocabulary, and understanding but their speech system (especially in cases like phonological disorder or childhood apraxia of speech) cannot yet keep up.

    AAC allows the child to:

    • express complex ideas now
    • practise sentence structure
    • develop vocabulary
    • take part in conversations

    All while their speech is still developing.

    In other words, AAC doesn’t replace speech. It keeps language moving forward while speech catches up.

    What does this look like in real life?

    In therapy, I often use a combination of approaches:

    • modelling simple signs alongside speech
    • pointing to symbols while talking
    • encouraging children to gesture or show
    • using drawings to support understanding
    • incorporating an AAC device such as LAMP Words for Life

    You might see a child:

    • say part of a word
    • point to a symbol
    • use a gesture
    • and look at you expectantly

    That is communication success.

    And success builds motivation.

    ‘I just want them to talk’

    Of course you do. And I do too!! That’s always the goal.

    But here’s the important shift in thinking:

    Children learn to talk by communicating, not by waiting until speech is perfect.

    If we hold out for clear speech before allowing other communication methods, we risk:

    • limiting their ability to interact
    • reducing practice opportunities
    • increasing frustration

    But if we support all communication, we give them:

    • more chances to express themselves
    • more positive communication experiences
    • more input and feedback

    And that is what drives progress.

    A balanced approach

    Total Communication doesn’t mean ‘speech is no longer important’.

    It means:

    • we continue targeted speech therapy
    • we work on sounds and clarity
    • and we support communication in the meantime

    It’s not either/or.

    It’s both/and.

    Final thought

    If your child’s speech is difficult to understand, the most important question is not:

    ‘Are they talking clearly yet?’

    It’s:

    ‘Can they successfully communicate?’

    Because communication is the foundation of:

    • relationships
    • learning
    • confidence
    • wellbeing

    And every child deserves a voice, in whatever form that voice takes right now.

    Feel free to contact me if your child needs help with speech and communication.

    Sonja McGeachie

    Highly Specialist Speech and Language Therapist

    Owner of The London Speech and Feeding Practice.

    References (parent-friendly):

    Health Professions Council registered
    Royal College of Speech & Language Therapists Member
    Member of ASLTIP

    Find a speech and language therapist for your child in London. Are you concerned about your child’s speech, feeding or communication skills and don’t know where to turn? Please contact me and we can discuss how I can help you or visit my services page.

    3

  • When ‘star’ sounds like ‘dar’: Understanding speech sound disorders and the path to clearer speech

    ByLondon Speech and Feeding

    If your child says ‘dar’ instead of ‘star’, you might be wondering if they will simply outgrow it or if they require specialised support. While ‘cluster reduction’—dropping one of the sounds in a blend—is a normal part of learning to talk, we typically expect these sounds to lock into place by age four years. If these errors persist as a child approaches school age, it often signals a speech sound delay that may now no longer pass without help. As a Speech and Language Therapist, I specialise in helping children bridge this gap using evidence-based techniques like backward chaining.

    This isn’t about constant correction; it’s about providing the right clinical scaffolding to move a child from ‘frustrated’ to ‘fluent’ before they hit those critical early school years.

    Dropping sounds from words is a common feature of speech sound difficulties, and while it can look small on the surface, it can have a big impact on how clearly a child is understood. In this short video clip, I’m working with a child on an /ST/ sound cluster, demonstrating how I use an evidence-based speech therapy technique called backward chaining to help children build clearer speech with confidence.

    What’s actually happening when a child drops the ‘S’?

    Clusters like /ST/, /SP/, and /SK/ are tricky. They require:

    • precise timing
    • careful airflow
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    For many children, especially those with speech sound difficulties, this is a big ask.

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    we might hear:

    ‘tar’ or ‘dar’

    This isn’t laziness or refusal. It’s the child simplifying the word to make it manageable.

    Why I don’t start by saying ‘say star’

    Telling a child to ‘just add the S’ rarely works.

    Instead, I meet them where they are already successful.

    In this clip, the child can already say ‘dar’ clearly. That’s our starting point.

    Backward chaining: building speech from success

    Backward chaining means we:

    1. Start with the part of the word the child can already say
    2. Gradually add the missing sound
    3. Keep the child feeling successful at every step

    So rather than jumping straight to ‘star’, we:

    • secure the ending
    • gently introduce the /S/
    • and blend it in a way that feels achievable

    This approach reduces frustration, builds confidence, and helps the sound stick not just in the therapy room, but out in the real world.

    Why this matters beyond one word

    This isn’t just about saying ‘star’.

    It’s about:

    • teaching the mouth a new movement pattern
    • giving the brain time to organise the sound sequence
    • and helping the child feel capable, not corrected

    When therapy feels safe and successful, children are far more likely to generalise their new sounds into everyday speech.

    Speech therapy works best when children feel supported not tested.

    If your child struggles with speech clarity

    If your child:

    • drops sounds from words
    • avoids longer or trickier words
    • or becomes frustrated when they’re not understood

    This is the kind of work I do every day building speech step by step, in a way that respects each child’s pace and strengths.

    Support can be gentle, effective, and empowering.

    If you’d like to learn more about how speech therapy can support your child, you’re always welcome to get in touch.

    Sonja McGeachie

    Highly Specialist Speech and Language Therapist

    Owner of The London Speech and Feeding Practice.

    Health Professions Council registered
    Royal College of Speech & Language Therapists Member
    Member of ASLTIP

    Find a speech and language therapist for your child in London. Are you concerned about your child’s speech, feeding or communication skills and don’t know where to turn? Please contact me and we can discuss how I can help you or visit my services page.

    3
  • ·

    The importance of child-led therapy

    ByLondon Speech and Feeding

    Child-led therapy is essentially what it says, therapy sessions that are directed by your child. You may think how can my child’s Speech and Language Therapist focus on goals if sessions are led by my child.

    Let us explain…

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    This way of working may seem daunting to some, but it doesn’t have to feel this way. Parents often feel if they are prepared then activities may go smoother. It might be the case, but perhaps it doesn’t give your child the opportunity for spontaneity. We’d like to suggest something that may lead to some surprises. Put out an activity that is your child’s favourite and then a completely new activity. Remember these activities don’t have to be complicated. Often, the simpler the better!

    So, no need to plan, just place two activities out and see what happens! Look out for anything which surprises you, which activity did they prefer? Do they have any sensory preferences? The freedom of choice is a wonderful thing to explore. So, just go with the flow!

    The kind of activities that are useful for child-led play can include:

    • Hide and seek
    • Cooking or baking
    • An Exercise ball
    • Small world play
    • Pretend play
    • Musical instruments (you could even have a go at making your own)

    Child-led therapy is a very useful resource. We have it at our fingertips. We don’t need special resources. You just need yourselves and your child! Sometimes, child-led therapy can be tricky to put in place. It sounds easy but is much harder in reality. So, make sure you give it time and reflect on your experiences. Ask yourselves ‘what went well’, and ‘what could be improved’. E.g., perhaps you gave your child time to lead to begin with, but you didn’t give them enough time to think about their options during the activity.

    How can parents become more child-led in the home environment?

    • Pause and use silence. This gives your child the opportunity to lead.
    • It’s perfectly natural to want to talk. Afterall, this is how adults maintain conversations. If you find yourself talking too much, count to ten! This will allow your child time to respond or initiate in the conversation or interaction.
    • Move down to your child’s level. It’s much easier to see what’s going on if you’re at the same height.
    • Videoing you and your child can really help you to see where your strengths lie. You’ll also be able to make minor tweaks to improve your communication during child-led play.

    Contact Sonja for more advice on speech, language and communication during child-led play.

    Find a speech and language therapist for your child in London. Are you concerned about your child’s speech, feeding or communication skills and don’t know where to turn? Please contact me and we can discuss how I can help you or visit my services page.

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  • · ·

    Baby-led weaning: Empowering little eaters from the start

    ByLondon Speech and Feeding

    I had a mum ask me about Baby Led Weaning the other day. So I thought I would write a blog on all the useful questions she had and what we discussed as it may help lots of mums and dads out there.

    Image by Freepik

    As a Paediatric Feeding SLT, one of the exciting developments in recent years is the growing interest in baby-led weaning (BLW). This approach to introducing solids has gained significant traction, and for good reason. It empowers infants to take the lead in their feeding journey, fostering a positive relationship with food and supporting important developmental milestones.

    What exactly is baby-led weaning?

    At its core, baby-led weaning is about offering your baby appropriately sized and textured solid foods from the very beginning, allowing him or her to self-feed. Instead of spoon-feeding purées, you present whole, soft foods that your baby can grasp, bring to his or her mouth, and explore at his or her own pace. This means no mashing, no blending, and no forcing spoons into reluctant mouths. It’s a fun, messy, and intuitive process that is led by your baby’s natural instincts.

    The genesis of baby-led weaning

    ‘Baby-led weaning’ was popularised by British health visitor Gill Rapley. In the early 2000s, Rapley observed that babies naturally develop the skills needed to self-feed and that traditional spoon-feeding might actually hinder this development. Her work, particularly her book Baby-Led Weaning: The Essential Guide to Introducing Solid Foods (co-authored with Tracey Murkett), published in 2008, brought BLW into the mainstream and provided a structured framework for parents. Her research and observations highlighted the benefits of trusting a baby’s innate ability to regulate his or her intake and explore different textures.

    What’s the deal?

    Implementing BLW is simpler than you might think, though it does require a shift in mindset. Here’s a breakdown of what it typically involves:

    • Readiness is key: The golden rule of BLW is to wait until your baby shows clear signs of readiness. This isn’t about age alone, but rather developmental milestones. Your baby should be at least six months old, able to sit unassisted, have good head and neck control, show an interest in food (e.g., reaching for yours), and have lost his or her tongue-thrust reflex (which pushes solids out of his or her mouth).
    • Offer finger foods: Start with soft, easily graspable foods cut into finger-sized sticks or spears. Think cooked sweet potato fries, steamed broccoli florets (soft enough to mash with gentle pressure), banana sticks, or avocado slices. The goal is for babies to be able to pick it up and get some into their mouth.
    • Embrace the mess: BLW is inherently messy, especially in the beginning. Food will be squished, dropped, and smeared. This is a crucial part of the learning process as babies explore textures, smells, and the properties of food. A wipeable mat under the highchair and a good bib are your best friends!
    • Observe, don’t interfere: Allow your baby to lead. He or she will decide what to eat, how much, and how quickly. Avoid putting food into his or her mouth or pressuring him or her to eat more. This respects his or her hunger and fullness cues, laying the foundation for healthy eating habits.
    • Continue breastmilk or formula: Until your baby is well-established on solids, breastmilk or formula remains his or her primary source of nutrition. Solids are for exploration, taste, and developing skills, gradually increasing in quantity over time.

    The benefits of baby-led weaning

    The advantages of BLW extend far beyond simply getting food into your baby. From a speech and feeding perspective, the benefits are compelling:

    • Develops oral motor skills: Chewing, gnawing, and manipulating various food textures are crucial for developing the muscles in the mouth, jaw, and tongue. This strengthens the oral motor skills necessary for speech development.
    • Enhances fine motor skills and hand-eye coordination: The act of grasping food, bringing it to the mouth, and coordinating these movements significantly refines fine motor skills and hand-eye coordination.
    • Promotes self-regulation and intuitive eating: By allowing babies to control their intake, BLW helps them tune into their own hunger and fullness cues, fostering a healthy relationship with food and reducing the likelihood of overeating.
    • Encourages adventurous eating: Exposure to a wide variety of tastes and textures from the outset can lead to less picky eating later. Babies are more likely to accept new foods when they have been in control of their exploration.
    • Facilitates family mealtimes: BLW integrates babies into family mealtimes from an early age, promoting social interaction and making mealtime a shared, enjoyable experience.

    When is baby-led weaning appropriate, and when not?

    While BLW offers numerous benefits, it’s not a one-size-fits-all approach.

    When BLW is appropriate:

    • When your baby meets all the developmental readiness signs: This is paramount for safety and success.
    • When you are comfortable with the mess and the learning curve: It requires patience and a relaxed attitude.
    • When you are committed to offering a variety of safe, appropriate foods.
    • When you are willing to learn about and practise safe food preparation to minimise choking hazards.

    When BLW might not be appropriate (or requires extra caution and professional guidance):

    • If your baby has a history of prematurity or significant developmental delays: His or her oral motor skills might not be sufficiently developed.
    • If your baby has certain medical conditions or anatomical differences (e.g., cleft palate, severe reflux, swallowing difficulties): These may necessitate a modified approach to feeding.
    • If there are significant feeding difficulties, aversion, or a history of choking incidents.
    • If you feel overly anxious about choking: While BLW, when done correctly, is not associated with a higher choking risk than traditional weaning, parental anxiety can impact the feeding experience. Education and consultation with a professional can help alleviate these concerns.

    A note on safety: Choking hazards

    It’s crucial to understand the difference between gagging and choking. Gagging is a natural reflex that helps prevent choking and is very common in BLW as babies learn to manage food in their mouths. Choking is silent and serious. To minimise choking risks:

    • Always supervise your baby closely during mealtimes.
    • Offer appropriately sized and textured foods. Avoid small, round, hard foods like whole grapes, nuts, popcorn, and large chunks of meat.
    • Ensure your baby is sitting upright and calm.
    • Educate yourself on infant CPR.

    Final thoughts

    Baby-led weaning is a wonderfully empowering approach that celebrates a baby’s natural abilities and fosters a positive and independent relationship with food. As Speech and Language Therapists we often see the positive impact it has on oral motor development, self-regulation, and overall feeding confidence. By understanding what it entails, when it’s appropriate, and prioritising safety, you can embark on this exciting journey with your little one, helping him or her become a confident and capable eater from the very first bite.

    If you would like help and support with weaning your baby whilst continuing to breastfeed then please get in touch!

    Sonja McGeachie

    Highly Specialist Speech and Language Therapist

    Owner of The London Speech and Feeding Practice.

    Health Professions Council registered
    Royal College of Speech & Language Therapists Member
    Member of ASLTIP

    Find a speech and language therapist for your child in London. Are you concerned about your child’s speech, feeding or communication skills and don’t know where to turn? Please contact me and we can discuss how I can help you or visit my services page.

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