Quick Overview Of How To Implement Those Early Hanen Speech And Language Strategies

Quick Overview Of How To Implement Those Early Hanen Speech And Language Strategies

First up try and get down at eye level or Face-to-Face with your child

Try to sit so that your child can see you easily, i. e. your child does not have to look up to make eye contact with you. We call that Face to Face: try and sit opposite your child. This makes it easier for you to see facial expressions and therefore pick up nonverbal /pre-verbal communication. Now you can connect and share the moment with your child.

OWL (Observe, Wait and Listen)

Never skip this step as it prepares us for what happens next !

Observe

First, try and simply watch your child quietly and listen and observe what he/she says or does; you need to know what your little one is interested in. For example with this toy (pictured below) we could observe that your child loves the actual spinning of the marble, perhaps more than that noisy click-clacking down the run. Or perhaps he loves collecting the marble at the end and feeling it in his hand.

You could start off with showing once how the marble goes down and say:“ look it goes round and round !” Then hold back and observe, without speaking, so that your child has time to explore the toy.

Wait

Just sit and avoid telling or showing your child what he or she could do with the toy. This gives your child an opportunity to explore and experiment.

Listen

Listen to what your child says, or look at your child’s non-verbal communication without interrupting. Your child will now feel and know that you are really present and that what they have to say is important. It’s best to avoid questions like, “What are you doing or “What’s this?” as that might be a lot of pressure when they don’t know what to say about that yet.

Respond immediately by showing interest

Once you have all the information from OWLing you can respond in the right way, for example: if she catches the marble at the end of the run and looks up with a smile or a sound you could respond with: you’ve got it! One marble in your hand! Nice playing!

Now how to join in the play:

First you can copy what your child is doing

If your child puts the first marble at the top of the run you can take a turn and do exactly the same once his marble is done. Ideally you might have another marble run, perhaps a similar one, it does not have to be exactly the same! Once your child has put the first marble in you can do the exact same with your own marble on your run. Your child is likely to look at what you are doing and you might well see a smile on their face or perhaps she might say: look at mine!

Next you can build on that

You can respond with simple comments like: “Wow! Yes I am looking at yours now! It’s spinning on the red one lots! I love the noise!” Now wait once more to see what your child says or does.

To summarise

We are signalling to our child that we are really interested in what they are doing and saying so we can “collect” our child, i.e. bring him/her back into a joint interaction.

Important

We want to try and not direct our child but respond with interest and fun! This creates a lovely stage for interaction and joint play! And this leads in turn to practising conversation and ever more opportunities for great speech and language skills to emerge.

Great activities we use in Speech and Language Therapy:

  • Any cause and effect toys like this Marble Run
  • Creative activities, such as mark making with crayons
  • Train tracks (building and running the trains)

Find a speech and language therapist for your child in London. Are you concerned about your child’s speech, feeding or communication skills and don’t know where to turn? Please contact me and we can discuss how I can help you or visit my services page.

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    Feeding therapy: A guide for parents and caregivers

    Feeding therapy is a specialised form of therapy and support that helps children develop healthy eating habits and overcome challenges related to food. It’s often used for children with picky eating, feeding disorders, or sensory processing issues.

    What is feeding therapy?

    Feeding therapy involves a series of techniques designed to improve a child’s eating skills and attitudes towards food. In the UK it’s typically provided by speech and language therapists and dietitians. These professionals work closely with parents and caregivers to create a personalised treatment plan tailored to each child’s unique needs.

    How does feeding therapy work?

    Feeding therapy sessions are typically 30–60 minutes long and involve a variety of techniques, including:

    • Family counselling: Providing support and guidance to parents and caregivers. This can help address any practical, behavioural and emotional issues that may be impacting the child’s eating.
    • Play-based activities: Engaging children in fun activities while introducing new foods or textures. This can help alleviate anxiety and make mealtimes more enjoyable.
    • Sensory exploration: Helping children become more comfortable with different tastes, smells, and textures. This can be achieved through activities like touching, smelling, and tasting various foods.
    • Oral motor exercises: Improving chewing, swallowing, and lip coordination. These exercises can help children develop the necessary skills for eating independently.
    • Behavioural techniques: Using positive reinforcement to encourage healthy eating habits. This can involve rewarding children for trying new foods or eating a variety of meals.

    When is feeding therapy needed?

    Feeding therapy may be beneficial for children who:

    • Are picky eaters: Refuse to eat a variety of foods or have strong preferences.
    • Have feeding disorders: Experience difficulties with eating, such as swallowing or chewing.
    • Have sensory processing issues: Are sensitive to certain textures, smells, or tastes.
    • Have medical conditions: Such as autism, cerebral palsy, or gastrointestinal disorders.

    Feeding therapy strategies you can try at home

    While professional feeding therapy can be invaluable, there are several techniques you can try at home to support your child’s eating development:

    • Create a positive mealtime environment: Make mealtimes enjoyable and stress-free by avoiding distractions, limiting screen time, and creating a calm atmosphere.
    • Create regular mealtimes and mealtime routines: Introduce set ways of announcing meal times, including songs or short nursery rhymes, try and involve your child with table setting, even just carrying their spoon to the table and putting the beaker next to the plate and ensure that meal time finishes after about 30 minutes, again with a set routine so that the child always knows: this is how we do it in our home, now I am finished and meal time is over.
    • Introduce new foods gradually: Start with small amounts and gradually increase exposure. This can help reduce anxiety and make new foods less overwhelming.
    • Model healthy eating: Show your child how to enjoy a variety of foods by eating a balanced diet yourself.
    • Avoid forcing food: Allow your child to choose and explore foods at their own pace. Forcing them to eat can create negative associations with food.

    Seek professional help

    If you’re concerned about your child’s eating habits, consult with a feeding therapist. We can provide guidance and support.

    Remember, feeding therapy is a collaborative process between parents, caregivers, and professionals. With patience, understanding, and the right strategies, you can help your child develop healthy eating habits and enjoy meals.

    Would you like to know more about specific techniques or have any other questions about feeding therapy?

    Please feel free to contact me.

    Sonja McGeachie

    Early Intervention Speech and Language Therapist

    Feeding and Dysphagia (Swallowing) Specialist The London Speech and Feeding Practice

    The London Speech and Feeding Practice


    Find a speech and language therapist for your child in London. Are you concerned about your child’s speech, feeding or communication skills and don’t know where to turn? Please contact me and we can discuss how I can help you or visit my services page.

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  • · ·

    Living life with a lisp

    You may be questioning ‘will my child grow out of having a lisp?’ There are so many myths out there that it’s sometimes difficult to find your way out of a complex maze of information.

    The good news: lisps can be successfully treated by a Speech and Language Therapist and the earlier it’s resolved, the better. We know from the evidence base that some children’s lisps will resolve and, as always, it is completely age appropriate to have this speech pattern up until aged 4 ½.

    As with any speech and language targets your child will need to be motivated to practise their newly acquired techniques, at home and in other settings. They will eventually be able to generalise this skill, but it takes lots of practice. So, think carefully about if your child is ready and motivated before commencing Speech and Language Therapy.

    There are essentially two ways in which your child has acquired a lisp. It’s key here to mention that parents have no blame in this.

    1. They’ve mis-learned it and now incorrect production has become a habit
    2. Children have difficulties organising the sounds to make a clear production

    You may be surprised to realise that there are different types of lisps. But all the techniques will be the same.

    1. Interdental lisp

    When your child pushes their tongue too far forward, they will make a /th/ sound instead of /s/ and /z/

    1. Dental lisp

    This is where your child’s tongue pushes against their teeth

    1. Lateral lisp

    Air comes over the top of the tongue and down the sides

    1. Palatal lisp

    Your palate is the roof of your child’s mouth. Sometimes they will touch their palate when making certain sounds (e.g., /s/ and /z/)

    It’s useful for you to know what type of lisp your child has because you can then support them to make the correct production. You’ll be able to talk about where in the mouth their tongue is and where it needs to be to produce a clear sound. Your Speech and Language Therapist will be able to help you with this.

    Top therapy tips for lisps

    1. Awareness is key. Does your child know where their tongue and teeth are (i.e., are they behind their teeth)? Do they notice the air escaping? Use a mirror so that your child can see not only themselves but also you in the mirror.
    2. Repetition! As with most therapeutic intervention, practice makes perfect. So little and often is key!
    3. Make sessions fun, perhaps around your child’s interests or allow them to drink from a straw
    4. Comment on how the sound is produced (e.g., /z/ is like a bee, /s/ is like a snake)
    5. Use tactile cues. Your child’s vocal folds vibrate when they produce a sound like /z/ but not with /s/. You could use the words ‘loud’ and ‘quiet’ to describe this.
    6. Start with a /t/ sound and gradually elongate the sound to an /s/

    Having a lisp may not be problematic for some, but for other children, it can have a significant impact on their emotional wellbeing. Intervening at an early age can prevent this from happening. We always advocate for early intervention!

    Contact Sonja for support on resolving your child’s lisp.


    Find a speech and language therapist for your child in London. Are you concerned about your child’s speech, feeding or communication skills and don’t know where to turn? Please contact me and we can discuss how I can help you or visit my services page.

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  • · ·

    Conquering the ‘slushy’ /S/: Your guide to treating lateral lisps

    Conquering the ‘slushy’ /S/: Your guide to treating lateral lisps

    As a speech therapist, few things are as rewarding as helping a child find their clear, confident voice. Among the various speech sound disorders, the ‘lateral lisp’ – often described as a ‘slushy’ or ‘wet’ /S/ sound – presents a unique challenge. While it can be tricky to treat, I’m thrilled to share that I’ve had significant success in helping children overcome this particular hurdle.

    What is a lateral lisp?

    Most people are familiar with a frontal lisp, where the tongue protrudes between the front teeth, resulting in a /TH/ sound for an /S/ (e.g., ‘thun’ for ‘sun’). A lateral lisp, however, is different. Instead of the air escaping over the front of the tongue, it escapes over the sides, often giving the /S/ and /Z/ sounds a distinct, muffled, or ‘slushy’ quality. This happens because the tongue is not forming the correct central groove, allowing air to spill out laterally.

    The science behind a perfect /S/ vs. a slushy one

    To understand how to fix a lateral lisp, it’s helpful to understand how a ‘perfect’ /S/ sound is made. Imagine a narrow, focused stream of air. For a clear /S/ sound, your tongue forms a shallow groove down its centre, directing a precise, thin stream of air right down the middle, over the tip of your tongue, and out through a tiny opening between your tongue and the roof of your mouth, just behind your front teeth. This focused airflow creates that crisp, sharp /SSSS/ sound we recognise.

    Now, picture what happens with a lateral lisp. Instead of that neat, central channel, the tongue is often flatter or positioned in a way that allows the air to escape over one or both sides. Think of it like a river overflowing its banks – the air, instead of flowing in a controlled stream, spills out sideways, creating that characteristic ‘slushy’ sound. This lateral airflow is what we need to retrain.

    Why is it tricky to treat?

    Treating a lateral lisp can be challenging for a few reasons:

    • Habitual muscle memory: The way the tongue moves and positions itself for a lateral lisp is deeply ingrained. It’s a motor habit that needs to be unlearned and replaced with a new, more precise movement.
    • Subtle differences: The difference between a lateral lisp and a correct /S/ sound can be quite subtle to perceive, both for the child and sometimes even for parents. This makes it harder for the child to self-monitor and correct.
    • Oral motor control: It requires fine motor control of the tongue muscles to create and maintain that central groove for airflow.

    My success with children aged six years and over

    I’ve found great success in treating lateral lisps, particularly with children aged six years and older. Why this age group? By this age, children typically have:

    • Increased awareness: They are more aware of their speech and often more motivated to make changes. They can better perceive the difference between their ‘slushy’ /S/ and a clear one.
    • Improved cognitive skills: They can understand and follow more complex instructions and strategies.
    • Better self-monitoring: Their ability to listen to themselves and correct their own speech improves significantly.
    • Enhanced oral motor control: Their fine motor skills, including those of the tongue, are more developed, allowing for greater precision.

    My approach focuses on a combination of auditory discrimination, tactile cues, and targeted myofunctional exercises to help children ‘feel’ the correct airflow and tongue placement. We use a variety of engaging activities to make the process fun and effective.

    It is crucial to understand tongue functioning and focusing on correcting improper oral resting posture and muscle function, which are often significant contributors to a lateral lisp. For example, if the tongue rests low and wide in the mouth consistently, or if there’s a tongue thrust during swallowing, these habits can prevent the tongue from achieving the precise, midline placement necessary for a clear /S/ or /Z/ sound. Through targeted exercises I aim to re-educate the oral and facial muscles, promoting correct tongue posture at rest, during swallowing, and, ultimately, during speech production. By strengthening the muscles responsible for tongue lifting and encouraging a more appropriate swallowing pattern we can establish the correct oral motor skills needed to overcome a lateral lisp and achieve clearer articulation.

    The recipe for success: Little and often

    The single most crucial ingredient for success in treating a lateral lisp is daily home practice of all the strategies given. This isn’t about long, arduous sessions; it’s about consistency. Think of it like building a muscle: short, frequent workouts yield better results than sporadic, intense ones.

    My recommended formula is ‘little and often’. This means:

    • Short, focused sessions: Aim for 5-10 minutes of practice, 2-3 times a day. This prevents fatigue and keeps the child engaged.
    • Integrate into daily routines: Practise while waiting for dinner, during a car ride, or before bedtime. Make it a natural part of their day.
    • Positive reinforcement: Celebrate every small success! Encouragement goes a long way in building confidence and motivation.
    • Parental involvement: Parents play a vital role in providing consistent cues and encouragement at home. I equip families with clear, easy-to-follow strategies.

    Overcoming a lateral lisp requires dedication, but with the right guidance and consistent practice, a clear, confident /S/ sound is achievable. If your child is struggling with a ‘slushy’ /S/, please don’t hesitate to reach out. Together, we can achieve success!

    Sonja McGeachie

    Highly Specialist Speech and Language Therapist

    Owner of The London Speech and Feeding Practice.


    Health Professions Council registered
    Royal College of Speech & Language Therapists Member
    Member of ASLTIP

    Find a speech and language therapist for your child in London. Are you concerned about your child’s speech, feeding or communication skills and don’t know where to turn? Please contact me and we can discuss how I can help you or visit my services page.

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  • Speech sound disorders

    Kids Speech Therapist London
    Speech Sound Disorders

    Treatment Approaches – A Typical Session

    There are various great ways to treat speech sound disorders and I use all the approaches available selectively; I decide what works with each individual child and I also vary the approach depending on the child’s frame of mind at any given time during my session.

    Some of the approaches are more “drill-based” and require a child to be able to pay attention and really participate actively in the therapy, and this is what I am showing you today with this video clip.

    My little student here has been working with me for some time and from only saying a handful of words which were not very easy to understand he has come a long way. He does have some features of Verbal Dyspraxia which I shall briefly outline here:

    • Making sounds in general is a struggle, especially when asked to copy certain sounds, example: ‘can you say: a ee ou oo?”
    • Repeating sound sequences or words sequences is hard, for example: “say p-t-k in sequence” or “say fish chips fish chips fish chips
    • When saying the same word again and again, different mistakes can be heard
    • Intonation difficulties: speech sounds monotonous
    • Vocabulary is very limited

    Some therapy approaches are more play based, for example the Core Word method: here we pick a few words at a time which are very significant to the child and therefore highly motivating to try and say. These could be characters of Pokemon or Minecraft for example, or simple words like “GO!”

    When you watch the video you will see that I use a lot of visual prompting, such as showing him where the tongue is moving to or from. I do this with my index finger and this approach is called Tactile Cueing or “Cued Articulation”. Part of the approach is to give a visual prompt and then reduce the prompt as the learner is more able to produce the correct sounds. Once he can produce the sound on its own, we quickly move to the sound within a word.

    I do mix and match my approaches and in fact here I am drilling but I also use the Core Word which for him (YELLOW) — it’s his favourite colour and I happen to have quite a few good games where a YELLOW something or other can be asked for….. WHO KNEW!? 🙂


    Find a speech and language therapist for your child in London. Are you concerned about your child’s speech, feeding or communication skills and don’t know where to turn? Please contact me and we can discuss how I can help you or visit my services page.

  • ·

    Let’s relax about making EYE CONTACT already…

    There’s been a long tradition with teaching staff and with Speech and Language Therapists working in schools that eye contact should be a goal. It is well known that Autistic individuals (whether that be children or adults) mostly avoid eye contact. Whilst it’s part of the way we communicate, it shouldn’t be used as a necessity for an individual who feels that it is uncomfortable. Whilst it does show that you’re listening and showing an interest, it’s not a fair expectation for neurodiverse children.

    Autistic children can find making and maintaining eye contact physically and emotionally uncomfortable as well as unnatural. It adds an extra layer of stress and has been reported to increase distractions rather than reduce them. Children who engage in conversations in their own way (i.e., with reduced eye contact) are not shown to suffer with schooling, work, or social interaction.

    By having fun through meaningful activities, I often experience that ‘BINGO’ moment (a phrase coined by Alex @meaningfulspeech) where the child is enjoying themselves and naturally makes eye contact. There is no demand on them, they are in a fun, engaging environment which suit their strengths and supports their needs.

    Following this, I often reflect on this question ‘Should we make eye contact as a goal?’

    It very much depends on the situation. If it places more demands on the child and becomes stressful. Then no. There are many strategies we can use which gain eye contact without placing extra demands on the child. We need to be mindful to adapt the environment and not place neurotypical expectations to meet the needs of neurodiverse children.

    How can you encourage eye contact without demand?

    • If you’re using toys, try holding them up to your eye level.
    • You can adjust your position, try sitting face to face during play.
    • Always get down to your child’s level. This might mean that you lay on the floor if your child is positioned in this way.
    • During play, waiting is extremely powerful. Before a key part of the activity, wait and see if your child looks at you. Remember silence is golden!
    • The best way I find is: do something unusual during play. It might be that you spray shaving foam with the lid still on. Or you bring out a wow toy and make it spin/light up or make a noise. A balloon can be good – see video clip. Use the excitement of the activity, and wait to see if you achieve that ‘BINGO’ moment.
    • Create opportunities when there are no toys involved such as during ‘tickles’ or ‘hide and seek’. Autistic children find it difficult to shift their attention between a toy and an adult. So by removing one option, you’re setting them up to succeed.

    Remember, it takes practice and time for you to develop these skills. Try one at a time and experiment, see which works best for your child. If you need speech, language or communication support or advice, I am always here to help.


    Find a speech and language therapist for your child in London. Are you concerned about your child’s speech, feeding or communication skills and don’t know where to turn? Please contact me and we can discuss how I can help you or visit my services page.

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  • Why I love ‘Colourful Semantics’ in speech therapy

    One of the most common concerns parents bring to speech and language therapy is:
    ‘My child understands so much… but they struggle to put sentences together’.

    Some children use only single words.
    Others miss out key parts of sentences.
    Some mix up word order.
    Others find it difficult to answer questions or explain their ideas clearly.

    This is where one of my favourite therapy approaches can be incredibly powerful: Colourful Semantics.

    Colourful Semantics is a highly effective and evidence-informed way of supporting children to build stronger sentence structure, grammar, understanding, and expressive language skills.

    It is a visual approach to language development originally created by a UK Speech and Language Therapist, Alyson Bryan in 1997 to help children understand how sentences are organised.

    Different parts of a sentence are represented by different colours.

    For example:

    • Who? is orange.
    • What doing? is yellow.
    • What? is green.
    • Where? is blue.

    As children progress more colours are added:

    • To Whom? Is pink.
    • Adjectives (what like) is purple.
    • Time Phrase is brown.

    Using colours gives children a visual framework for building sentences in a way that feels structured, predictable, and achievable.

    Instead of language feeling abstract and overwhelming, children can see how sentences fit together.

    For many children, this is massively helpful as it gives structure and predictability.

    Why some children struggle with sentences

    Language development is incredibly complex.

    To build a sentence, we need to:

    • think of vocabulary
    • organise grammar
    • sequence words
    • understand meaning
    • remember sentence structure
    • physically say the words clearly enough to communicate

    That is a huge amount happening all at once.

    Some children may:

    • leave out verbs
    • miss pronouns
    • use immature grammar
    • struggle with word order
    • rely on very short phrases
    • find it difficult to expand beyond single words.

    For example:

    • ‘Boy jump’
    • ‘Him eating’
    • ‘Dog there’
    • ‘Want juice’.

    These children often know more than they can express.

    Colourful Semantics helps bridge that gap.

    Why visual supports matter

    Many children—especially those with language delays, developmental language disorder (DLD), autism, or social communication difficulties—benefit enormously from visual support.

    Visual systems reduce the processing load.

    Instead of relying only on spoken language, children are given an additional way to organise information.

    The colours act almost like ‘anchors’ for language.

    A child may begin to understand:

    • orange = who
    • yellow = action
    • green = object
    • blue = place.

    This makes sentence building more concrete and less overwhelming.

    It also supports children who struggle with:

    • attention
    • auditory memory
    • processing spoken language
    • sequencing
    • confidence using language independently.

    Supporting sentence expansion naturally

    One of the things I love most about Colourful Semantics is how flexible it is.

    It can be used:

    • in play
    • with books
    • during conversation
    • with picture scenes
    • in storytelling
    • during movement activities
    • within everyday routines.

    Therapy does not need to feel rigid or worksheet-heavy.

    Many children who usually avoid talking become much more willing to attempt longer sentences when they feel successful.

    Children often begin to use:

    • verbs more accurately
    • pronouns more consistently
    • better word order
    • improved sentence organisation
    • and more complete ideas.

    For example, instead of:

    • ‘Him running’

    A child may gradually move toward:

    • ‘He is running.’

    The colours help children understand the ‘jobs’ words have within a sentence.

    This is particularly useful for children who need explicit teaching of language structure rather than simply learning through exposure alone.

    Supporting children with speech difficulties too

    One thing I particularly value in therapy is approaches that support multiple communication areas at once.

    Colourful Semantics is excellent for this.

    While building sentences, we can also naturally target:

    • speech sounds
    • intelligibility
    • vocabulary
    • social communication
    • turn-taking
    • attention and listening
    • confidence speaking.

    For example, if a child is working on the /K/ sound, we might intentionally build sentences containing target words:

    • ‘The cat is coming.’
    • ‘The boy is kicking.’
    • ‘The duck is in the box.’

    This allows speech and language goals to work together rather than separately.

    Therapy becomes more functional, meaningful, and engaging.

    Building confidence through success

    One of the biggest barriers many children experience is not simply language difficulty. It is the emotional impact of struggling to communicate.

    Some children become frustrated.
    Others withdraw.
    Some stop attempting longer sentences altogether because communication feels too hard.

    Colourful Semantics can help rebuild confidence because it gives children a clear structure for success. That feeling matters enormously.

    When children feel successful, they participate more.
    They attempt more.
    They communicate more.

    And communication grows through communication.

    Why I use colourful semantics

    There is no single ‘magic’ therapy approach for every child.

    But Colourful Semantics remains one of the most versatile and effective tools I use because it can be adapted so beautifully to individual children.

    It supports:

    • early language
    • grammar
    • sentence structure
    • comprehension
    • expressive language
    • storytelling
    • confidence
    • functional communication.

    Most importantly, it helps children organise language in a way that finally starts to make sense to them.

    And when language starts to make sense, communication can truly begin to flourish.

    Contact me via my contact form if you would like me to work with your child.

    Sonja McGeachie

    Highly Specialist Speech and Language Therapist

    Owner of The London Speech and Feeding Practice.

    Reference

    Bryan A (1997) Colourful semantics. In: Chiat S, Law J, and Marshall J (eds) Language disorders in children and adults: psycholinguistic approaches to therapy. London: Whurr, 143–61.


    Health Professions Council registered
    Royal College of Speech & Language Therapists Member
    Member of ASLTIP

    Find a speech and language therapist for your child in London. Are you concerned about your child’s speech, feeding or communication skills and don’t know where to turn? Please contact me and we can discuss how I can help you or visit my services page.

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